Animal Health Research InstituteEgyptian Journal of Animal Health2735-49381320210701Use of ELISA and polymerase chain reaction as rapid different methods in diagnosis of enterotoxemia in foals1818469210.21608/ejah.2021.184692ENJournal Article20210315Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious disease of sudden onset in foals associated with a high death rate, despite therapeutic intervention. Clinical manifestations of enterocolitis in foals vary from being found dead to spectrum clinical manifestations.<br /> In this study, 50 fecal samples collected from foals aged 1-4 months and suspected clinically to be suffered from enterocolitis with main symptoms of profuse diarrhea, colic and abdominal pain. Rapid diagnosis was essential for controlling the disease instead of animal inoculation which is morally forbidden. Two rapid methods were used for diagnosis; ELISA and PCR tests. Out of 50 samples, 22 Clostridium perfringens isolates were detected (44%) and typed according to their major toxins and the presence of toxin genes using ELISA and PCR respectively. By PCR, 18 isolates were found to harbor cpa gene only (type A) and 4 isolates harbored cpa and cpb gene (type C), however, ELISA revealed that only 12 isolates have toxigenic activities for alpha toxin (type A), 6 isolates were non-toxigenic and 4 isolates gave alpha and beta toxins (type C) meaning that 6 isolates were not expressed by conventional PCR .https://ejah.journals.ekb.eg/article_184692_0e0b549e2b0addd506b1f225b076abef.pdfAnimal Health Research InstituteEgyptian Journal of Animal Health2735-49381320210701Current situation of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in some areas in El-Wady El-Gedid Governorate During 202092018470010.21608/ejah.2021.184700ENJournal Article20210330Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was detected in skin biopsies which were collected from diseased animals surfing from LSD. in Eldakhla El-Wady El-Gedid Governorate in 2020.The virus was identified by electron microscopic (EM) examination and confirmed by molecular characterization through sequence and phylogenetic analysis. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using partial sequencing of the ORF103 gene and comparing with reference LSD viruses’ isolates obtained from Gene Bank. The results of the sequence analysis were similar among themselves (99.4-100% identity), it was shown 100% nucleotide genetic similarity with Egyptian isolates of LSDV(CPD/Menofiya 1/2018 MK 342935) and LSD isolate (El Wadi El-Gedid 2018 MN792930)and identities were (99.8% ) with LSD (Serbia/Bujanovac/2016/KY702007).and LSD (Russia/Dagestan/2015MH893760.) where identities were (99.4%) with LSD (Kenya/MN072619) and LSD (KZ- Kostanay MT992618) .and they were found different from the other LSD viruses around the world. Further investigation, ELISA test was applied and the specific antibodies of LSDV were detected in serum samples of diseased animals (93.33%) and some of contact animals (10% ).Animal Health Research InstituteEgyptian Journal of Animal Health2735-49381320210701Identification of Selected Cestodes Affecting Some Marine Fish212918470510.21608/ejah.2021.184705ENJournal Article20210128In the last winter, a total of wild marine fish species were collected from two different marine water sources. Samples were clustered into 70 bysuria (Engraulis encrasicolus) fish that were collected from Mediterranean coasts of Damietta and 50 grouper (Epinephelus gigas) from Hurghada Red Sea coast. Bysuria fish were examined for the presence of abdominal and intestinal cestodes larvae. In grouper, larvae were detected in intestine, abdominal cavities, liver, spleen and gonads in grouper fish that can be seen by naked eyes. The total infestation rate of larval cestodes in examined fish was 50%. As 54% of the detected larvae in Bysuria fish were belonging to diphyllobothrid plerocercoid larvae, while 44 % of detected larvae in grouper were belonging to Trypanorhyncha Plerocrcoid larvae. The morphological characters of the detected larvae were discussed. Molecular analysis was performed to confirm the final ID of the detected diphillobothrid larvae. https://ejah.journals.ekb.eg/article_184705_4fdf3fb1b3da293fe9a40dad428bd93f.pdfAnimal Health Research InstituteEgyptian Journal of Animal Health2735-49381320210701Antibacterial effect of sodium lactate and thymol on Salmonella Typhimurium in fish fillet303718750210.21608/ejah.2021.187502ENJournal Article20210401The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of sodium lactate and thymol against Salmonella Typhimurium in fish fillet. Fish fillet samples were artificially contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium, then sprayed with thymol (0.1%), sodium lactate (1% & 2%) individually and combination of Sodium lactate (1% &2 %)+ thymol (0.1 %).The samples were stored at 4<sup>o </sup>C and analyzed at zero, third and fifth day of storage for sensory analysis, pH, and count of Salmonella Typhimurium. The thymol alone had a little antibacterial effect on Salmonella. The initial count of control was 5.65±0.09 log<sub>10 </sub>cfu/g on zero day which was declined to 4.50±0.14 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g as a result of combined treatment of sodium lactate (2%) + thymol 0.1%, which showed the best results obtained, followed by the treated samples with sodium lactate 1%+ thymol 0.1%, as it recorded 4.72±0.10 log<sub>10 </sub>cfu/g, and lastly 4.63±0.11 log<sub>10 </sub>cfu/g, which obtained by sodium lactate 2% treated samples. The reduction in the Salmonella count in response to the combined treatment of sodium lactate 2% + thymol 0.1% was greater than the effects of the two compounds applied individually.https://ejah.journals.ekb.eg/article_187502_72993c2998486fbc3516a226125836cd.pdfAnimal Health Research InstituteEgyptian Journal of Animal Health2735-49381320210701Growth enhancing, histomorphology and disease protective effects of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate dietry supplement on farmed seabass435818751710.21608/ejah.2021.187517ENJournal Article20210405The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of polyβhydroxybutyrate (PHB) on the growth performance, organ histomorphology , transcription of immune-related genes, and resistance of cultured seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) against Vibrio anguillarum infection. One hundred and twenty seabass were divided into four experimental groups in three replicates (n=3) fish were fed on basal diets supplemented with 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 g PHB per kg diet for eight weeks. The final body weight, weight gain, and weight gain percent were significantly increased in all PHB-groups compared with the controls (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noticed in the specific growth rate , the feed conversion ratio and survival rate . There was a clear dose-dependent increase in the mRNA expression values of interleukin-10 and complement C5 genes in the hepatic tissues of treated fish (P < 0.05). After challenge with V. anguillarum, the relative percent of survival was significantly increased depending on the increase of dose of PHB in each group compared with the control group. Histopathological examination of gills showed ballooning of primary gill lamellae ,curling of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of lamellar epithelium. Liver showed congestion of hepatic blood sinusoids, vaccuolation of hepatic cytoplasm with presence of bacteria in hepatic tissues. Posterior kidney showed swollen and vaccuolation of epithelium lining renal tubules. Intestine showed desquamation of villus mucosa , necrosis with presence of bacteria in submucosa.<br /> https://ejah.journals.ekb.eg/article_187517_f45b66f42da2dd409f217d9d5bcc8869.pdfAnimal Health Research InstituteEgyptian Journal of Animal Health2735-49381320210701Molecular and pathological investigations of hemorrhagic syndrome associated viral infection in broilers and sasso breeds in Dakahlia Governorate546818782910.21608/ejah.2021.187829ENJournal Article20210404Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is a worldwide, highly contagious immunosuppressive viral disease of young chickens 4-6 week of age caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV). It is implicated in several field problems of economic significance after maternal antibodies have waned. CAV threaten poultry industry alone or either coinfection with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). This paper aimed to understand the pathogenesis of this existing condition. Three hundred chickens from fifteen selected commercial broiler flocks (7 Cubb and 8 Native breeds) were collected from different areas of Dakahlia Governorate Egypt during the period from October 2019 to September 2020. Necropsy was carried out on freshly dead or diseased birds beside blood samples for hematological changes. Tissue samples were subjected to PCR assay for detection of CAV DNA, IBDV RNA and IBH DNA. Conventional PCR test indicated that all tissue samples collected form Cubb and Native breed farms were either PCR positive for CAV and IBDV coinfected with CAV while all samples were negative for IBH virus. Hematological findings showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in RBCs count, Hb concentration and PCV in CIA and coinfected chickens. Grossly, emaciation was characteristic in carcasses moreover, lymphoid organs were congested and atrophied beside several multifocal hemorrhagic areas in skeletal muscles accompanied with pale bone marrow. Microscopically, lesions noticed were more intense and more severe in CIA coinfection with IBDV. Generalized lymphoid cell depletion in lymphoid organs and clusters of bacterial aggregations were common. Hemopoietic elements of bone marrow showed necrosis beside extensive depletion. It could be concluded that disseminated hemorrhages mainly in skeletal muscles and viscera beside lymphoid depletion of immune organs were responsible for high mortalities in CIA infected flocks which became higher in intensity in coinfection with IBDV. Presence of bacterial colonies in various examined organs following immunosuppression. Great economic losses from concomitant and subclinical infection by CIA beside carcass condemnation so, CIA vaccination of broiler chickens is recommendedhttps://ejah.journals.ekb.eg/article_187829_c03ef10ea9d7a7566b7b3f6ce44432ec.pdfAnimal Health Research InstituteEgyptian Journal of Animal Health2735-49381320210701Estimation of effectiveness and residues of pyridalyl, methomyl, emamectin-benzoate and lufenuron against (Spodotera Littoralis) on tomato fruits under field conditions.829129367810.21608/ejah.2021.293678ENJournal Article20210505A Field study was conducted at EL-Beheira Governorate, Egypt to determine the insecticidal activities of pyridalyl, methomyl, emamectin benzoate, and lufenuron on tomato plants against the cotton leaf-worm<em> (Spodotera Littoralis)</em>. Data obtained showed that a pyridalyl compound has the highest toxicity against the cotton leaf worm followed by methomyl then emamectin benzoate while the lufenuron has the lowest toxicity. The insecticide residue on the fruits of treated tomato fruits was extracted using QuEChERS method before analysis by HPLC-UV.
The validation method for extraction and quantitative analysis of tested pesticides residue in tomato fruits using HPLC-UV, at fortification levels of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg in tomato fruits was performed. The results suggest that the pyridalyl, methomyl, emamectin benzoate, and lufenuorn dissipation curves and its half-lives in tomatoes were 1.16, 1.38, 1.80 and 1.20 days for pyridalyl, methomyl, emamectin benzoate, and lufenourn, respectively. The residues in tomato were below the (MRL) and the safety time was 1, 5, 7 & 7 days for pyridalyl, methomyl, emamectin benzoate, and lufenuron, respectively. In conclusion, pyridalyl, methomyl, emamectin benzoate, and lufenuron insecticide are useful in controlling cotton leaf-worms in tomato fields and safe for human consumption.
https://ejah.journals.ekb.eg/article_293678_38188632aaf1a6e15ce3b3adf1751eb8.pdf